Polymer Chemistry

Preface

Acknowledgements

Contents

1 Introduction to Synthetic Polymers

1.1 Definition of Polymers

1.2 Chemical Categories of Polymers

1.3 Physical Categories of Polymers

1.4 Statistical Distributions

1.5 Properties and Applications

Review Questions for Chapter 1

2 Polymer Chemistry

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Thermoplastics and Thermosets

2.3 Chain Growth Polymerization of Thermoplastics

2.4 Step Growth Thermoplastic Polymers

2.5 Comparison of Chain Growth and Step GrowthPolymers

2.6 Commercial Methods of Thermoplastic Polymerization

2.7 Polymerization of Thermosets

2.8 Conclusions

Review Questions for Chapter 2

3 Thermodynamics, StatisticalThermodynamics, and Heat Transfer

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Energy of Polymerization Reactions

3.3 Energies of Interactions

3.4 Statistical Thermodynamics

3.5 Heat Transfer

3.6 Summary

Review Questions for Chapter 3

4 Kinetics

4.1 Introduction

4.2 The Rate Law: Orders, Rate Constants, and Their Use

4.3 Kinetics of Step Growth Polymerization Processes

4.4 Kinetics of Chain Growth Polymerization

4.5 Other Kinetic Processes Studied in Polymeric Systems

4.6 Conclusions

Review Questions for Chapter 4

5 Molecular Characterization of Polymers

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Molecular Weight

5.3 Homopolymer Chemical Composition

5.4 Copolymer Chemical Composition

5.5 Branching

5.6 Crosslinking

5.7 Conclusions

Review Questions for Chapter 5

6 Rheological Properties of PolymericMaterials

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Flow, Stresses, Strains and Deformations

6.3 The Molecular Origin of Rheological Properties

6.4 Temperature Effects on Rheological Properties

6.5 Measurement Techniques

6.6 Implications of Rheology and Conclusions

Review Questions for Chapter 6

7 Development and Characterizationof Solid State Molecular andSupermolecular Structure

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Solid State Morphology

7.3 Crystallization

7.4 Characterization of Solid State Molecular andSupermolecular Structure

7.5 Conclusions

Review Questions for Chapter 7

8 Solid State Properties of Polymers

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Mechanical Properties

8.3 Optical Properties

8.4 Surface Contact Properties

8.5 Barrier Properties

8.6 Electrical Properties

8.7 Weather Resistance

8.8 Conclusions

Review Questions for Chapter 8

9 Polymer Degradation and Stability

9.1 Polymer Lifetime Experiences

9.2 General Descriptions of Degradation

9.3 Conclusions

Review Questions for Chapter 9

10 Polymeric Mixtures

10.1 Introduction to Polymeric Blends and Mixtures

10.2 Polymer Blends

10.3 Properties of Blends

10.4 Polymer-Additive Mixtures

10.5 Conclusion

Review Questions for Chapter 10

11 Extrusion Processes

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Principles of Extrusion

11.3 Profi le Extrusion

11.4 Film and Sheet Casting

11.5 Film Blowing

11.6 Fiber Spinning

11.7 Extrusion Coating

11.8 Wire and Cable Coating

11.9 Conclusion

Review Questions for Chapter 11

12 Compounding

12.1 Introduction

12.2 The Goal of Compounding

12.3 Compounding Equipment

12.4 Additional Considerations

12.5 Conclusions

Review Questions for Chapter 12

13 Injection Molding

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Principles of Injection Molding

13.3 Products

13.4 Conclusion

Review Questions for Chapter 13

14 Blow Molding

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Principles of Blow Molding

14.3 Products

14.4 Conclusion

Review Questions for Chapter 14

15 Rotational Molding

15.1 Introduction

15.2 The Process

15.3 Materials Used for Rotational Molding

15.4 Rotational Molding Equipment

15.5 Rotational Molded Products

15.6 Conclusions

Review Questions for Chapter 15

16 Thermoforming

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Principles of Thermoforming

16.3 Products

16.4 Conclusion

Review Questions for Chapter 16

17 Recycling

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Materials Amenable to Recycling Processes

17.3 Recycling Commercial Scrap

17.4 Post Consumer Recycling

17.5 Tertiary and Quaternary Recycling

17.6 Conclusions

Review Questions for Chapter 17

18 Polyethylene

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Chemical Structure

18.3 Manufacture

18.4 Morphology

18.5 Structure/Property Relationships

18.6 Products

18.7 Conclusions

Review Questions for Chapter 18

19 Polypropylene

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Chemical Structure

19.3 Structure and Morphology: Isotactic Polypropylene

19.4 Manufacture

19.5 Structure and Property Relationships

19.6 End Uses

19.7 Conclusions

Review Questions for Chapter 19

20 Polycarbonates

20.1 Introduction

20.2 Polymer Chemistry

20.3 Structure and Morphology

20.4 Manufacture

20.5 Structure and Property Relationships

20.6 Manufacturing Methods Using Polycarbonate

20.7 Conclusions

Review Questions for Chapter 20

21 Polystyrene

21.1 Introduction

21.2 Chemical Structure

21.3 Synthesis

21.4 Foam Manufacture

21.5 Structure/Property Relationships

21.6 Products

21.7 Conclusions

Review Questions for Chapter 21

22 Polyvinyl Chloride

22.1 Introduction

22.2 Chemical Structure

22.3 Manufacture

22.4 Morphology

22.5 Degradation of Polyvinyl Chloride

22.6 Additives to Polyvinyl Chloride

22.7 Processing Methods and Applications

22.8 Conclusions

Review Questions for Chapter 22

23 Nylons

23.1 Introduction

23.2 Chemical Structure

23.3 Manufacture

23.4 Morphology

23.5 Structure/Property Relationships

23.6 Products

23.7 Conclusions

Review Questions for Chapter 23

24 Polyesters

24.1 Introduction

24.2 Chemistry of Polyesters

24.3 Structure and Morphology

24.4 Structure/Property Relationships

24.5 End Uses

24.6 Conclusions

Review Questions for Chapter 24

25 Polyurethanes

25.1 Introduction

25.2 Chemical Structure

25.3 Manufacture

25.4 Morphology

25.5 Structure/Property Relationships and End Uses

25.6 Conclusions

Review Questions for Chapter 25

Additional Reading

Subject Index

The Authors