Sustainable and Smart Energy Systems for Europe's Cities and Rural Areas

Foreword by Fabrizio Rossi

Foreword by the Editors

Foreword to the European Edition

Contents

Editors and Authors

Editors and Authors

Authors

I Fundamentals and Strategic Planning

1 First Steps towards Smart Municipalities

Alexander Schlüter

2 Vision of a Sustainable Digital Future

Matthew Timms, Laura Färber

2.1 Climate Change and its Consequences

2.2 Digitalisation and Municipalities

2.3 Literature

3 How to Make Your Municipality Smart and Sustainable

Alexander Schlüter

4 Strategic Planning of the Transformation Process

Diana Khripko, Nicky Athanassopoulou, Imoh Ilevbare, Rob Phaal

4.1 Background on Strategic Roadmapping

4.2 Scoping, Design and Planning

4.3 Strategic Roadmapping

4.4 Conclusion and Courses of Action for Smart Municipalities

4.5 Literature

II Integrating Renewable Energy Systems

1 Renewable Energy Unleashing the Full Potential

Jens Weibezahn, Alexandra Krumm, Pao-Yu Oei, Laura Färber

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Techno-economic Aspects

1.2.1 Electricity Sector

1.2.2 Heating Sector

1.2.3 Mobility Sector

1.3 Socio-economic, Regulatory, and Political Aspects

1.4 Applications of Renewable Energies

1.4.1 Major Cities: Photovoltaic Potential in Berlin and Urban Heat Transition in Hamburg

1.4.2 Towns and Districts: The ECs Platform for Coal Regions in Transition and Steinfurts Masterplan

1.4.3 Rural Areas and Villages: Developing and Exporting 100 % Green Electricity in Schönau and Sams

1.5 Tenant Electricity: a German Renewable Energy Product

1.5.1 The Principle Underlying Tenant Electricity

1.5.2 Roles in the Tenant Electricity Model

1.5.3 Technologies, Legal Requirements, and Incentives

1.5.4 Metering and Technical Requirements

1.5.5 Why Tenant Electricity is Attractive

1.6 Conclusion and Courses of Action for Smart Municipalities

1.7 Literature

2 Electricity Grids: Moving towards the Smart Grid

Vincenz Regener, Simon Köppl

2.1 Basic Principles of Electricity Grids

2.1.1 Physical Aspects How Does Power Get from A to B

2.1.2 What Does Europes Grid Infrastructure Look like

2.1.3 What are the Beginnings of Electric Power Transmission

2.1.4 What Are the Functions of Grid Operators

2.1.5 What Are the Challenges the Energy Transition Poses to the Grid

2.2 How Can the Electricity Grid Be Turned into a Future-capable Smart Grid

2.2.1 New, Digital Grid Operating Resources and Networking

2.2.2 Transparency for Households: What Do Smart Meters Do

2.2.3 Flexibilisation of Generation and Consumption: to Support, or at Least Be Compatible with the Grid

2.3 Microgrids: Innovative Districts as an Individual Solution

2.4 Best Practice for the Use of Smart Grids

2.5 Conclusion and Courses of Action for Smart Municipalities

2.6 Literature

3 Thermal Grids

Hagen Braas, Markus Bücherl, Janybek Orozaliev, Peder Berne

3.1 Status of the Heating Transition in the EU

3.2 Heating Grids Now and in the Future

3.3 Modern District Heating

3.4 Case Studies

3.4.1 100 % Renewable District Heating in Marstal

3.4.2 Combination of Different Infrastructures in London

3.4.3 Malmös District Heating System

3.4.4 ectogrid in Medicon Village, Lund

3.5 Conclusion and Courses of Action for Smart Municipalities

3.6 Literature

III Using Energy More Efficiently

1 Preparing the Ground with Energy Efficiency

Ron-Hendrik Hechelmann, Florian Schlosser, Henning Meschede, Alexander Schlüter

1.1 Energy Efficiency Based on the Onion Layer Model

1.2 Energy Efficiency in Cross-cutting Technologies

1.2.1 Lighting

1.2.2 Ventilation Systems

1.2.3 Heat Provision and Waste Heat Utilisation

1.2.4 Cooling

1.2.5 Compressed Air

1.2.6 Electromechanical Drives

1.3 Literature

2 Saving Energy in Industry and Commerce

Florian Schlosser, Ron-Hendrik Hechelmann, Henning Meschede, Alexander Schlüter

2.1 What Can Industry and Commerce Do in Concrete Terms

2.2 Where Does Energy Efficiency in the Industry Reach its Limits

2.3 Conclusion and Courses of Action for Smart Municipalities

2.4 Literature

3 Operating Buildings More Energy Efficiently

Garance Emmerich-Bundel, Manuel Lindauer, Rita Streblow, Alexander Schlüter

3.1 Background

3.2 Main Energy Consumption Factors

3.2.1 Building Shell

3.2.2 Heating, Ventilation, Air-conditioning Systems for User Comfort

3.2.3 Lighting

3.3 The Role of Digital Technologies

3.4 Regulations for Energy Efficiency of Buildings

3.5 Conclusion and Courses of Action for Smart Municipalities

3.6 Literature

IV Linking Sectors and Storing Energy

1 Sector Coupling and Storage are Crucial for Green Energy

Henning Meschede, Diana Khripko, Alexander Schlüter

2 Storage Systems for Increased Flexibility

Matthias Philipp, Alexander Jäger, Andreas Kießling, Egon Westphal

2.1 Demand for Storage in the Electrical Energy System

2.2 Technologies

2.3 Areas of Application

2.3.1 Battery Systems

2.3.2 Thermal Storage Systems

2.4 Practical Example: Werksviertel Mitte in Munich

2.5 Conclusion and Courses of Action for Smart Municipalities

2.6 Literature

3 Using More Hydrogen and Green Fuels

Eugenio Scionti, Matteo Genovese, Christoph Pellinger, Petronilla Fragiacomo, Alexander Schlüter

3.1 Underlying Drivers

Katherina Reiche

3.2 Introduction

3.3 Current Status and Outlook

3.4 Production

3.5 Transmission, Distribution and Storage Infrastructures

3.6 Application in Energy-intensive Industries

3.7 Application in the Power Sector

3.8 Application in Buildings

3.9 Application in Agriculture

3.10 Conclusion and Courses of Action for Smart Municipalities

3.11 Literature

4 Preparing for More Sustainable Mobility

Alexander Schlüter, Matteo Genovese, Petronilla Fragiacomo1

4.1 Challenges for the Sector

4.2 Technologies and Outlook for Electric Vehicles

4.3 Charging and Flexibility Options by Connecting to the Energy System

4.4 Conclusion and Courses of Action for Smart Municipalities

4.5 Literature

5 Making Energy Demand More Flexible

Diana Khripko, Henning Meschede, Eva Meschede

5.1 Identifying Load Shifting Potentials

5.2 Practical Examples of a Flexibilisation in the Industrial and Tertiary Sectors

5.2.1 Converting Electrical Energy into other Energy Forms

5.2.2 Adjusting Demand by Switching the Energy Source

5.2.3 Flexibility in Operational Planning and Control of Electrical Facilities

5.2.4 Focus: Commercial Water Supply

5.3 Practical Examples of Flexibilisation in Households

5.4 Conclusion and Options for Action for Smart Municipalities

5.5 Literature

V Digitalising Municipalities and Energy Systems

1 Digitalisation: The Issue of Our Time

Victoria Ossadnik

2 Local Energy Transition: Digitalising Municipalities

Matthew Timms, Laura Färber

2.1 Digitalisation as Key Element of the Energy Transition

2.1.1 Digitalisation of Energy Systems

2.1.2 Digitalisation of Energy Consumers

2.1.3 Tipping Points for Significant Changes in Energy Systems

2.2 Technologies Accelerating the Transition

2.3 Conclusion and Courses of Action for Smart Municipalities

2.4 Literature

3 The Rising Role of Prosumers in the Energy System

Svetlana Ikonnikova, Alexander Schlüter, Bernadette Brandner

3.1 Energy Transition through Digitalisation

3.2 Role of Network Effects Enhanced through Digitalisation

3.3 New Opportunities to Generate Added Value

3.4 Setting Up Data Centres and Using Blockchain

3.5 Conclusion and Courses of Action for Smart Municipalities

3.6 Literature

4 The Foundation of the Digital Transformation: Data and IoT

Giorgio Cortiana, Nicholas Ord

4.1 Growth and Potential of the IoT

4.2 Data beyond Specific Domains

4.3 Data from and to IoT Devices for Controllable Remote Operation

4.4 Conclusion and Courses of Action for Smart Municipalities

4.5 Literature

5 Artificial Intelligence Enabling Smarter Municipalities

Juan Bernab-Moreno, Theodoros Evgeniou

5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 Definition of AI and Intelligent Systems

5.1.2 Prerequisites and Limiting Factors for AI: Its All about Data

5.1.3 Types of Problems and AI Tools

5.2 AI Makes Our Municipalities Smart

5.2.1 Smart Manufacturing

5.2.2 Smart Buildings

5.2.3 Smart Mobility

5.2.4 Smart Energy Systems

5.2.5 Smart Logistics

5.2.6 Smart Farming

5.2.7 Smart Waste Management: towards a Circular Economy

5.2.8 Smart Police and Emergency Services

5.2.9 Smart Healthcare and Sustainability

5.3 The Adoption Path

5.3.1 Ecosystem for Services Development

5.3.2 Processes and Governance

5.3.3 Data and Technology Readiness

5.4 Conclusion and Courses of Action for Smart Municipalities

5.5 Literature

VI Becoming Concrete

1 Integrating Interests and Finding Optimal Financing

Maria Garbuzova-Schlifter, Jakob Kulawik, Philipp Bugs, Kuldip Singh, Aaron Praktiknjo

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Financial Stakeholders

1.3 Fundamentals of Municipality Project Financing

1.4 Selected Financing Options

1.4.1 Debt Financing

1.4.2 Equity Financing

1.4.3 Hybrid Financing

1.5 Selected Funding Options

1.6 Selected Partnership Models

1.6.1 Public-Private Partnership

1.6.2 Joint Venture

1.6.3 Citizens Participation Schemes

1.7 Conclusion and Courses of Action for Smart Municipalities

1.8 Literature

2 Interviews

2.1 Nicolas Lahovnik, Wunsiedel, Germany

2.2 Thomas Bugl and Dr. Götz Brühl, Rosenheim, Germany

2.3 Sarah Butler and Trevor Dorling, Greenwich, London, United Kingdom

3 We Must Act Now

Alexander Schlüter, Juan Bernab-Moreno

List of Abbreviations

Index