Modeling and managing complex systems

Table of Contents

Foreword

Part I: DSM Methods and Complexity Management

DSM Foundations and Applications, and an Update on the Explainer

1 DSM as a new paradigm

2 DSM as an autonomous organization

3 DSM and the management of risks

4 The Explainer

4.1 The Premise that Motivates the Explainer

4.2 I believe that we are very limited in the complexity of problems we can solve

4.3 Cause-and-effect circuits

4.4 Other methods for using cause-and-effects

4.5 Dealing with increases and decreases in variables

4.6 An example involving a cause-and-effect circuit

4.7 Circuits have two solutions

4.8 Another Congressional problem that the Explainer has dealt with

4.9 Other problems that the Explainer can also deal with

4.10 A proposal for a website to help people solve problems

4.11 Using this power to reclaim our government from hidden sources of money

References

A Matrix-based Framework to Support Dynamic Modeling of Sociotechnical Systems

1 Introduction

2 Background

2.1 Sociotechnical Systems

2.2 Strategic design alternatives

2.3 Dynamic Modeling

2.4 Academic example of a PSS

2.5 Process for creating dynamic models

3 Research Approach

4 A Framework to Support Dynamic Modeling

4.1 Meta-Model Overview

4.2 Implications and examples of application

5 Conclusion

References

Acknowledgements

Supplementing Morphological Analysis with a Design Structure Matrix for Policy Formulation in a Wastewater Treatment Plant

1 Introduction

2 Applying MA for Policy Formulation

3 Applying Design Structure Matrix

3.1 Where DSM can supplement MA

3.2 Specific Contributions of DSM to MA

4 Towards a Framework for MA and DSM integration

4.1 Weaknesses of Morphological Analysis

4.2 Strengths of DSM and Avenues for MA and DSM Integration

5 Conclusions

References

Acknowledgements

Part II: Analyzing and Managing Organizations, Teams and Individuals

Structuring a Product Development Organization Based on the Product Architecture and Communication

1 Introduction

2 Product and Organization Architecture DSM Data

3 Simultaneous Clustering Analysis

4 Discussion of Results and Conclusions

References

Analyzing industrial clusters using measures of structural complexity management

1 Introduction

2 State of Research

3 Methods of Structural Complexity Management for Analyzing Industrial Clusters

4 Case Study

4.1 Data Acquisition

4.2 Results and Interpretation

5 Conclusion

References

Acknowledgments

Application of DSM in the field Organizational Psychology

1 Introduction

2 Structure analysis

3 Practical application of results

4 Discussion

5 Conclusion and outlook

References

Acknowledgments

Identification of Process, Team and Tool Dependencies in Building Information Modelling (BIM) Implementation using Multi-Domain Mapping (MDM) – A Theoretical Framework

1 Introduction

2 Applicability of DSM/MDM in Capturing the Interrelationships among Domains

3 A Framework for Defining Abstraction Levels for Decomposition of Activity-based DSM

3.1 Understanding Hierarchical Levels of Human Activity using Activity Theory

3.2 Hierarchical Levels of Human Activities

4 Knowledge Elicitation to Populate DSM/MDM

5 Discussion and Conclusion

References

Part III: Project Management

An Initial Metamodel to Evaluate Potentials for Graph-based Analyses of Product Development Projects

1 Introduction

2 Background

2.1 Why needs the controlling of PD projects to be supported and how?

2.2 Systems perspective on PD Projects

3 An Initial Metamodel for Product Development Project Graphs

3.1 Elaboration of the metamodel

3.2 Description of the metamodel

3.3 Exemplary Use Case

5 Conclusion and Outlook

5.1 Advantages

5.2 Limitations

5.3 Outlook

References

Acknowledgements

Graphical Triangularization

1 Introduction and Problem Statement

2 Solution Approach

2.1 Global orientation of workflow in a strength based process graph

2.2 Coloring of edges according to the position in the matrix

2.3 Combine global flow and colored edges

2.4 Comparison of matrix and graph

3 Conclusion and future work

References

DoD Predictive Program Management

1 Introduction

2 Literature Review

3 Objective

4.1 Method – Content & Utility

4.2 Method – Process to Build

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Steps 5, 6 & 7

4.3 Method – Past Proof of Concept

5 Discussion & Conclusion

References

Part IV: Managing Failures and Risks inComplex Systems

DSM-based Reliability Analysis of Modular Architectures

1 Introduction

2 Models of Product, Reliability and Failure

3 A Proposed Methodology

3.1 Representation of Systems Architecture

3.2 Representation of Reliability

4 A Case Study

4.1 Storage Compartment

4.2 The Function Inhibit Mechanical Energy (IME)

5 Conclusions

6 Future Work

References

Applying DSM methodology to rank risk of internal controls in critical infrastructure enterprises

1 Introduction

2 Mapping Risk to Requirements

2.1 Registration Room

2.2 Asset Room

2.3 Event Room

2.4 Resiliency Room

2.5 Capability Room

2.6 Violation Room

2.7 Standards Room

2.8 Determination of Audit Scope, Depth, and Frequency

2.9 Evaluation of the Software Tool

3 Conclusion

References

VE2 Strategies by MDM

1 Introduction

2 VE2 model objectives

3 MDM model

3.1 Needs elicitation and high level risk management

3.2 System requirements translation and validation

3.3 Testing methodology identification and assessment

4 Pro and Cons

4.1 Pros

4.2 Cons

5 Further research

References

Part V: Modelling functions and functionality ofcomplex systems

System Level Thermal Design - Process Modeling for Functional/Structure Design using SysML and MDM

1 Introduction

2 System level thermal design

2.1 Hardware/Software design process using SysML

2.2 Design process description using Function/Performance/Structure MDM

3 Application in Product Architecture Exploration

3.1 Thermal design focus

3.2 Trade-off study between processor selection and structure design

4 Conclusion

References

Analysis of correlations between system structure and costs by structural criteria

1 Introduction

2 Fundamentals in Cost Drivers and Structural Criteria

2.1 Structural modeling and analysis

2.2 Structural criteria

2.3 Approaches in cost management

3 Research Methodology and Approach

4 Correlations between Cost Structures and Structural Metrics

4.1 Classification of Structural Metrics

4.2 Introduction to the exemplarily IVE model

4.3 Applicability of Structural Metrics

4.4 Analyzing of an exemplarily cost structure

5 Conclusions and Outlook

References

Acknowledgements

DSM for Modeling and Analyzing Functionality: Views of Practitioners

1 Introduction

2 The IFM Framework

2.1 Setup and represented entities

2.2 Modeling and analyzing system functionality

3 Evaluation study

3.1 Method

3.2 Participants profile

4 Results

4.1 Contents and views considered useful in the IFM framework

4.2 Strengths and potentials for further improvement

4.2.1 Willingness to apply the IFM framework in the future

4.2.2 Expressed strengths

4.2.3 Potentials for further improvement

5 Discussion of results

5.1 Limitations

5.2 Adaptability and possibilities for function analysis are particularly beneficial

5.3 Potentials for further improvement

6 Conclusion

References

MDM-Based Kansei Design Approach to Appeal on Customer Senses for Products

1 Introduction

2 Kansei Design for Consumer Product

2.1 DSM clustering analysis for requirements using the evaluation grid method

2.2 MDM-based representation of kansei design

3 Application to the Kansei Design of a Camera

3.1 Requirement analysis using the evaluation grid method

3.2 MDM-based kansei design model

4 Conclusion

References

Part VI: Process and Change Management

A system-based approach to further design the concept of Manufacturing Change Management

1 Introduction

2 The concept of Manufacturing Change Management

3 Towards a system-based MCM design

4 System-based design for Manufacturing Change Management

4.1 General MCM system architecture

4.2 System architecture of the MCM elements

5 Analysis of the MCM models: Results and further design activities

6 Conclusion and outlook

References

Acknowledgements

Modeling Industrial Symbiosis Using Design Structure Matrices

1 Introduction

2 Modeling Industrial Symbiosis with DSMs

2.1 Modeling Industrial Symbiosis

2.2 Symbiosis concretization stages

2.3 Multigraphs with ports and DSM

2.4 Modeling symbioses as directed multigraphs with ports

3 Application example

4 Conclusions

References

Acknowledgements

How to build up an Engineering Change dependency model based on past change data?

1 Introduction

2 Methodology

3 Background

3.1 Models to predict Change Propagation

3.2 EC data and related data in PDM systems

3.3 Data Mining technique: association rules analysis

4 Building an Engineering Change Dependency Model based on historical EC data

4.1 System definition

4.2 Information acquisition

5 Simulation Model

6 Conclusion and outlook

References

Acknowledgments

New Product Development Visualization & Optimization using DSMs

1 Introduction

2 Current Approach to New Product Development

2.1 Task-based DSM with Feedback and Feedforward Dependencies

3 New Product Development Visualisation & Optimisation

3.1 Non-optimised, NPD DSM

3.2 NPD with a different number of assumed Tapeouts

3.3 Insertion of explicit Requirements Management tasks

3.4 Insertion of explicit Risk Management tasks

3.5 Gantt version of overall NPD DSM

4 Conclusion

References

Part VII: Systems’ Architectures andModularities

On Ranking Components in Scientific Software

1 Introduction

2 Nodal Centrality Via Matrix Functions

2.1 Hubs and Authorities

2.2 Walks, Paths, and Matrix Exponential

3 Centrality of Nodes in Function Call Graphs

3.1 Centrality Results for the Small Call Graph Example

4 Concluding Remarks

References

Acknowledgments

The Principle of Modularity

1 Introduction and Literature

2 Definition of Modularity Matrix

3 A New Principle of Modularity

4 Customer Needs in The Modularity Matrix

5 Conclusions and Discussions

References

Measurement of Modularity Level within Selected Omani Small and Medium Size Enterprises

1 Introduction

2 Literature Review

2.1 Modularity within SMEs

2.2 Importance of Components Interdependencies and Modules

3 Research Methodology

4 Design Structure Matrix (DSM) Tool: General Concept

5 Application of the DSM to Measure the Modularity: A Case Example

6 Results and Discussion

6.1 Study Outcomes

6.2 Research Limitations

7 Conclusions and Future Work

References

Author Index

Keyword Index