Stephan Sprenger
The Effects of Silica Nanoparticles in Toughened Epoxy Resins and Fiber-Reinforced Composites
Table of contents
6
Short Summary
11
Kurzzusammenfassung
12
1. Introduction
13
1.1. Motivation
13
1.1.1. References
13
1.2. Objectives and structure
14
2. State-of-the-art of the science and technology
15
2.1. Manufacturing technologies for fiber-reinforced composites
15
2.1.1. Prepreg methods
16
2.1.2. Filament Winding
17
2.1.3. Pultrusion
18
2.1.4. Injection processes via a mold
18
2.1.5. Infusion processes via a vacuum bag
20
2.1.6. References
21
2.2. Fiber reinforcements for epoxy resin systems
22
2.2.1. Woven fabrics
22
2.2.2. Unidirectional fabrics
23
2.2.3. Multiaxial fabrics
24
2.2.4. Preforms
24
2.2.5. Fiber Sizing
25
2.2.6. References
26
2.3. Epoxy resin systems for fiber-reinforced composites
27
2.3.1. Epoxy resins
27
2.3.2. Curing agents for epoxy resins
29
2.3.3. Epoxy resin systems
31
2.3.4. References
32
2.4. Toughening of epoxy resins
33
2.4.1. Differentiation between toughening and increasing flexibility
33
2.4.2. Reactive liquid rubbers
33
2.4.3. Core-shell rubber particles
35
2.4.4. Thermoplastic particles
36
2.4.5. Self-organizing block copolymers
37
2.4.6. References
38
2.5. Modification of epoxy resins with SiO2 nanoparticles
40
2.5.1. SiO2 nanoparticles
40
2.5.2. Property improvements of cured bulk resin systems
43
2.5.3. Property improvements of cured bulk hybrid resin systems
44
2.5.4. Property improvements of fiber-reinforced composites
46
2.5.5. References
50
3. Results and Discussion
53
3.1. Property improvements of epoxy resins modified with SiO2 nanoparticles
53
3.1.1. Abstract
53
3.1.2. Introduction
53
3.1.3. Discussion
56
3.1.4. Conclusions
67
3.1.5. References
68
3.2. Property improvements of epoxy resins modified with SiO2 nanoparticles and elastomers (hybrid systems)
71
3.2.1. Abstract
71
3.2.2. Introduction
71
3.2.3. Discussion
74
3.2.4. Conclusions
87
3.2.5. References
88
3.3. Property improvements of fiber-reinforced composites based on epoxy resins modified with SiO2 nanoparticles
91
3.3.1. Abstract
91
3.3.2. Introduction
91
3.3.3. Discussion
94
3.3.4. Conclusions
106
3.3.5. References
107
3.4. Property improvements of fiber-reinforced composites based on epoxy resins modified with SiO2 nanoparticles and elastomers (hybrid systems)
111
3.4.1. Abstract
111
3.4.2. Introduction
111
3.4.3. Discussion
115
3.4.4. Conclusions
128
3.4.5. References
128
3.5. Carbon fiber-reinforced composites with epoxy resin modified with reactive liquid rubber and SiO2 nanoparticles
133
3.5.1. Abstract
133
3.5.2. Introduction
133
3.5.3. Experimental
137
3.5.4. Results and discussion
140
3.5.5. Conclusions and outlook
158
3.5.6. References
159
4. Summary and outlook
162
4.1. Summary and outlook
162
4.2. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick
164
5. Bibliography
168
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