Maik Maurer, Danilo Marcello Schmidt, Udo Lindemann
Modeling and managing complex systems
Proceedings of the 17th International DSM Conference Fort Worth (Texas, USA), 4-6 November 2015
Table of Contents
6
Foreword
9
Part I: DSM Methods and Complexity Management
12
DSM Foundations and Applications, and an Update on the Explainer
14
1 DSM as a new paradigm
14
2 DSM as an autonomous organization
14
3 DSM and the management of risks
15
4 The Explainer
15
4.1 The Premise that Motivates the Explainer
16
4.2 I believe that we are very limited in the complexity of problems we can solve
16
4.3 Cause-and-effect circuits
17
4.4 Other methods for using cause-and-effects
17
4.5 Dealing with increases and decreases in variables
17
4.6 An example involving a cause-and-effect circuit
17
4.7 Circuits have two solutions
17
4.8 Another Congressional problem that the Explainer has dealt with
18
4.9 Other problems that the Explainer can also deal with
18
4.10 A proposal for a website to help people solve problems
19
4.11 Using this power to reclaim our government from hidden sources of money
19
References
19
A Matrix-based Framework to Support Dynamic Modeling of Sociotechnical Systems
30
1 Introduction
30
2 Background
31
2.1 Sociotechnical Systems
31
2.2 Strategic design alternatives
32
2.3 Dynamic Modeling
32
2.4 Academic example of a PSS
32
2.5 Process for creating dynamic models
33
3 Research Approach
34
4 A Framework to Support Dynamic Modeling
35
4.1 Meta-Model Overview
35
4.2 Implications and examples of application
36
5 Conclusion
37
References
38
Acknowledgements
39
Supplementing Morphological Analysis with a Design Structure Matrix for Policy Formulation in a Wastewater Treatment Plant
20
1 Introduction
20
2 Applying MA for Policy Formulation
22
3 Applying Design Structure Matrix
23
3.1 Where DSM can supplement MA
23
3.2 Specific Contributions of DSM to MA
24
4 Towards a Framework for MA and DSM integration
25
4.1 Weaknesses of Morphological Analysis
25
4.2 Strengths of DSM and Avenues for MA and DSM Integration
26
5 Conclusions
27
References
28
Acknowledgements
29
Part II: Analyzing and Managing Organizations, Teams and Individuals
40
Structuring a Product Development Organization Based on the Product Architecture and Communication
42
1 Introduction
42
2 Product and Organization Architecture DSM Data
43
3 Simultaneous Clustering Analysis
47
4 Discussion of Results and Conclusions
50
References
50
Analyzing industrial clusters using measures of structural complexity management
52
1 Introduction
52
2 State of Research
53
3 Methods of Structural Complexity Management for Analyzing Industrial Clusters
54
4 Case Study
56
4.1 Data Acquisition
56
4.2 Results and Interpretation
56
5 Conclusion
60
References
61
Acknowledgments
62
Application of DSM in the field Organizational Psychology
64
1 Introduction
64
2 Structure analysis
65
3 Practical application of results
70
4 Discussion
71
5 Conclusion and outlook
72
References
73
Acknowledgments
74
Identification of Process, Team and Tool Dependencies in Building Information Modelling (BIM) Implementation using Multi-Domain Mapping (MDM) – A Theoretical Framework
76
1 Introduction
76
2 Applicability of DSM/MDM in Capturing the Interrelationships among Domains
78
3 A Framework for Defining Abstraction Levels for Decomposition of Activity-based DSM
79
3.1 Understanding Hierarchical Levels of Human Activity using Activity Theory
79
3.2 Hierarchical Levels of Human Activities
80
4 Knowledge Elicitation to Populate DSM/MDM
82
5 Discussion and Conclusion
83
References
83
Part III: Project Management
86
An Initial Metamodel to Evaluate Potentials for Graph-based Analyses of Product Development Projects
88
1 Introduction
88
2 Background
89
2.1 Why needs the controlling of PD projects to be supported and how?
89
2.2 Systems perspective on PD Projects
90
3 An Initial Metamodel for Product Development Project Graphs
91
3.1 Elaboration of the metamodel
91
3.2 Description of the metamodel
92
3.3 Exemplary Use Case
94
5 Conclusion and Outlook
96
5.1 Advantages
96
5.2 Limitations
97
5.3 Outlook
97
References
98
Acknowledgements
98
Graphical Triangularization
100
1 Introduction and Problem Statement
100
2 Solution Approach
103
2.1 Global orientation of workflow in a strength based process graph
103
2.2 Coloring of edges according to the position in the matrix
104
2.3 Combine global flow and colored edges
104
2.4 Comparison of matrix and graph
106
3 Conclusion and future work
107
References
107
DoD Predictive Program Management
108
1 Introduction
108
2 Literature Review
108
3 Objective
110
4.1 Method – Content & Utility
111
4.2 Method – Process to Build
113
Step 1
113
Step 2
114
Step 3
114
Step 4
115
Steps 5, 6 & 7
115
4.3 Method – Past Proof of Concept
115
5 Discussion & Conclusion
117
References
117
Part IV: Managing Failures and Risks inComplex Systems
120
DSM-based Reliability Analysis of Modular Architectures
122
1 Introduction
122
2 Models of Product, Reliability and Failure
123
3 A Proposed Methodology
125
3.1 Representation of Systems Architecture
125
3.2 Representation of Reliability
126
4 A Case Study
127
4.1 Storage Compartment
127
4.2 The Function Inhibit Mechanical Energy (IME)
129
5 Conclusions
131
6 Future Work
131
References
131
Applying DSM methodology to rank risk of internal controls in critical infrastructure enterprises
134
1 Introduction
134
2 Mapping Risk to Requirements
134
2.1 Registration Room
136
2.2 Asset Room
136
2.3 Event Room
140
2.4 Resiliency Room
141
2.5 Capability Room
141
2.6 Violation Room
142
2.7 Standards Room
143
2.8 Determination of Audit Scope, Depth, and Frequency
145
2.9 Evaluation of the Software Tool
145
3 Conclusion
146
References
146
VE2 Strategies by MDM
148
1 Introduction
148
2 VE2 model objectives
149
3 MDM model
149
3.1 Needs elicitation and high level risk management
150
3.2 System requirements translation and validation
152
3.3 Testing methodology identification and assessment
154
4 Pro and Cons
155
4.1 Pros
155
4.2 Cons
156
5 Further research
157
References
157
Part V: Modelling functions and functionality ofcomplex systems
158
System Level Thermal Design - Process Modeling for Functional/Structure Design using SysML and MDM
160
1 Introduction
160
2 System level thermal design
161
2.1 Hardware/Software design process using SysML
161
2.2 Design process description using Function/Performance/Structure MDM
164
3 Application in Product Architecture Exploration
166
3.1 Thermal design focus
166
3.2 Trade-off study between processor selection and structure design
166
4 Conclusion
169
References
170
Analysis of correlations between system structure and costs by structural criteria
172
1 Introduction
172
2 Fundamentals in Cost Drivers and Structural Criteria
173
2.1 Structural modeling and analysis
173
2.2 Structural criteria
173
2.3 Approaches in cost management
174
3 Research Methodology and Approach
175
4 Correlations between Cost Structures and Structural Metrics
176
4.1 Classification of Structural Metrics
176
4.2 Introduction to the exemplarily IVE model
177
4.3 Applicability of Structural Metrics
178
4.4 Analyzing of an exemplarily cost structure
179
5 Conclusions and Outlook
180
References
181
Acknowledgements
182
DSM for Modeling and Analyzing Functionality: Views of Practitioners
184
1 Introduction
184
2 The IFM Framework
185
2.1 Setup and represented entities
185
2.2 Modeling and analyzing system functionality
186
3 Evaluation study
187
3.1 Method
187
3.2 Participants profile
188
4 Results
188
4.1 Contents and views considered useful in the IFM framework
188
4.2 Strengths and potentials for further improvement
190
4.2.1 Willingness to apply the IFM framework in the future
191
4.2.2 Expressed strengths
191
4.2.3 Potentials for further improvement
192
5 Discussion of results
192
5.1 Limitations
192
5.2 Adaptability and possibilities for function analysis are particularly beneficial
193
5.3 Potentials for further improvement
193
6 Conclusion
193
References
194
MDM-Based Kansei Design Approach to Appeal on Customer Senses for Products
196
1 Introduction
196
2 Kansei Design for Consumer Product
198
2.1 DSM clustering analysis for requirements using the evaluation grid method
198
2.2 MDM-based representation of kansei design
200
3 Application to the Kansei Design of a Camera
201
3.1 Requirement analysis using the evaluation grid method
201
3.2 MDM-based kansei design model
203
4 Conclusion
204
References
205
Part VI: Process and Change Management
206
A system-based approach to further design the concept of Manufacturing Change Management
208
1 Introduction
208
2 The concept of Manufacturing Change Management
209
3 Towards a system-based MCM design
210
4 System-based design for Manufacturing Change Management
211
4.1 General MCM system architecture
211
4.2 System architecture of the MCM elements
212
5 Analysis of the MCM models: Results and further design activities
216
6 Conclusion and outlook
217
References
218
Acknowledgements
219
Modeling Industrial Symbiosis Using Design Structure Matrices
220
1 Introduction
220
2 Modeling Industrial Symbiosis with DSMs
221
2.1 Modeling Industrial Symbiosis
222
2.2 Symbiosis concretization stages
222
2.3 Multigraphs with ports and DSM
224
2.4 Modeling symbioses as directed multigraphs with ports
224
3 Application example
225
4 Conclusions
228
References
229
Acknowledgements
230
How to build up an Engineering Change dependency model based on past change data?
232
1 Introduction
232
2 Methodology
233
3 Background
233
3.1 Models to predict Change Propagation
233
3.2 EC data and related data in PDM systems
234
3.3 Data Mining technique: association rules analysis
235
4 Building an Engineering Change Dependency Model based on historical EC data
236
4.1 System definition
236
4.2 Information acquisition
237
5 Simulation Model
239
6 Conclusion and outlook
240
References
240
Acknowledgments
242
New Product Development Visualization & Optimization using DSMs
244
1 Introduction
244
2 Current Approach to New Product Development
244
2.1 Task-based DSM with Feedback and Feedforward Dependencies
244
3 New Product Development Visualisation & Optimisation
245
3.1 Non-optimised, NPD DSM
245
3.2 NPD with a different number of assumed Tapeouts
246
3.3 Insertion of explicit Requirements Management tasks
249
3.4 Insertion of explicit Risk Management tasks
250
3.5 Gantt version of overall NPD DSM
251
4 Conclusion
253
References
253
Part VII: Systems’ Architectures andModularities
254
On Ranking Components in Scientific Software
256
1 Introduction
256
2 Nodal Centrality Via Matrix Functions
258
2.1 Hubs and Authorities
259
2.2 Walks, Paths, and Matrix Exponential
259
3 Centrality of Nodes in Function Call Graphs
261
3.1 Centrality Results for the Small Call Graph Example
261
4 Concluding Remarks
263
References
263
Acknowledgments
265
The Principle of Modularity
266
1 Introduction and Literature
266
2 Definition of Modularity Matrix
268
3 A New Principle of Modularity
269
4 Customer Needs in The Modularity Matrix
273
5 Conclusions and Discussions
275
References
275
Measurement of Modularity Level within Selected Omani Small and Medium Size Enterprises
278
1 Introduction
278
2 Literature Review
279
2.1 Modularity within SMEs
279
2.2 Importance of Components Interdependencies and Modules
279
3 Research Methodology
280
4 Design Structure Matrix (DSM) Tool: General Concept
281
5 Application of the DSM to Measure the Modularity: A Case Example
282
6 Results and Discussion
285
6.1 Study Outcomes
285
6.2 Research Limitations
286
7 Conclusions and Future Work
286
References
287
Author Index
288
Keyword Index
289
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