Cylindrical Gears

Preface

The Editors

Index of Authors

Remarks on the Special Features of the Book

Contents

1 Overview and General Principles

1.1 Development of Toothing

1.1.1 Development of the Application of Gears and Gear Drives

1.1.2 Development of Gearing Geometry

1.1.3 Development of the Calculation of Load-Carrying Capacity

1.2 Functions and Classification of Gears and Teeth

1.3 Law of Gears for Cylindrical Gearing

1.4 Fundamental Relationships

1.4.1 Gear Ratio

1.4.2 Efficiency

1.4.3 Torques

1.5 Symbols and Symbol Explanations

2 Gear Teeth Geometry

2.1 Geometry of Spur Gear Teeth

2.1.1 Gear Teeth Geometry of a Spur Gear

2.1.2 Geometry of Gear Teeth Pairing – Spur Gear Teeth

2.2 Geometry of Helical Gear Teeth

2.2.1 Generation and Basic Characteristics

2.2.2 Basic Quantities for Gearing of a Cylindrical Gear – Helical Gearing

2.2.3 Geometry of Gear Pairing – Helical Gearing

2.3 Supplemental Information concerning Geometry

2.3.1 General Information on Tooth Root Geometry

2.3.2 Tooth Root Geometry of External Gearing in the Case of Production Using Hobs or Rack Cutters, with an Arbitrary Tool Profile Angle

2.3.3 Tooth Root Geometry for Production with a Shaper Cutter – External and Internal Gearing

2.3.4 Comparative Study Related to Tooth Root Geometry

2.4 Symbols and Symbol Explanation

3 Meshing Interferences

3.1 Overview

3.2 Meshing Interferences of External Gears

3.2.1 Meshing Interferences Resulting from Too-Small Contact Ratio

3.2.2 Meshing Interference in Non-involute Regions

3.3 Meshing Interferences for Internal Gears

3.3.1 Preliminary Considerations

3.3.2 Meshing Interferences in the Theoretical Plane of Action - Tooth Root Meshing Interferences

3.3.3 Meshing Interferences outside the Regular Meshing Region

3.3.4 Information on Designing Internal Gear Pairs and on Tool Selection

3.4 Symbols and Symbol Explanations

4 Special Involute Gearing

4.1 Types and Possibilities

4.2 Design

4.3 Symbols and Symbol Explanations

5 Load Capacity – Introduction, Initial Values

5.1 Damage Cases

5.2 Options for Verifying the Load Capacity

5.3 Load Frequency Function

5.3.1 Load Characteristic along the Tooth

5.3.2 Recording the Load Course in the Load Spectrum

5.3.3 Experimental Determination of Load Spectra

5.3.4 Considering Load Spectra in the Calculation of Load Capacity

5.3.5 Typical Load Spectra and Characteristics

5.4 Symbols and Symbol Explanations

6 Load Capacity and Running Performance of External and Internal Gearing

6.1 Velocities

6.1.1 Sliding Velocity

6.1.2 Specific Sliding

6.1.3 Sliding Factor

6.1.4 Sum of Velocities

6.2 Tooth Stiffness

6.2.1 Basics

6.2.2 Parts of Tooth Stiffness

6.2.3 Calculation of Tooth Stiffness

6.2.4 Approximate Calculation of Tooth Stiffness according to ISO 6336-1 (DIN 3990-1)

6.2.5 Symbols and Symbol Explanations of Section 6.2

6.3 Load on the Tooth

6.3.1 General Information

6.3.2 Loads on the Tooth from Effective Power

6.3.3 Additional External Dynamic Loads

6.3.4 Additional Internal Dynamic Loads

6.3.5 Resulting Load – Practical Approach, Omissions

6.3.6 Symbols and Symbol Explanations of Section 6.3

6.4 Load Distribution on Gears

6.4.1 The Basic Problem

6.4.2 General Calculation Approach

6.4.3 Influence Coefficients Method

6.4.4 Considering the Load Distribution in the Tooth Flank and Tooth Root Load Capacity Calculation by Means of Load Distribution Factors

6.4.5 Methods to Improve the Face Load Behaviour

6.4.6 Symbols and Symbol Explanations of Section 6.4

6.5 Analysis of Load Capacity

6.5.1 Calculation of Surface Durability – Pitting and Deterioration at Maximum Load

6.5.2 Load Capacity of the Tooth Root

6.5.3 Practical Approach for the Basic Analysis of Load Capacity

6.5.4 Lubricating Film Thickness

6.5.5 Scuffing Load Capacity

6.5.6 Micropitting Load Capacity

6.5.7 The Load Capacity of Wear

6.5.8 Symbols and Symbol Explanations of Section 6.5

6.6 Power Losses, Efficiency, Gear Heating, Lubrication

6.6.1 Power Losses

6.6.2 Transmission Efficiency

6.6.3 Thermal Balance and Thermal Conductivity

6.6.4 Lubrication and Cooling

6.6.5 Symbols and Symbol Explanations of Section 6.6

6.7 Noise Behaviour

6.7.1 Basic Principles

6.7.2 Mechanical Noise Generation

6.7.3 Metrological Determination of Sound Power

6.7.4 Sound Power Level of Gear Drives

6.7.5 Examples of Sound Power Levels of Various Machines

6.7.6 Structural Measures for Noise Reduction

6.7.7 Structure-Borne Sound and Diagnostics

6.7.8 Symbols and Symbol Explanations of Section 6.7

7 Design of Gearing and Gear Transmissions

7.1 Number of Stages and Splitting the Total Transmission Ratio

7.1.1 Preliminary Considerations

7.1.2 Design for Minimum Mass

7.2 Approximate Determination of the Dimensions

7.2.1 Draft Calculation for the Tooth Flanks (Pitting)

7.2.2 Draft Calculation for the Tooth Root

7.3 Selection and Partitioning of Profile Shift

7.3.1 Criteria and Tendencies

7.3.2 Recommendations

7.4 Selection of Materials: Strength Values

7.4.1 Basics of Selecting Materials and Basic Values for Material Strength

7.4.2 Materials for Gears without Surface-Layer Hardening: The Basics

7.4.3 Materials for Gears with Surface-Layer Hardening: The Basics

7.4.4 Strength Values for Gears

7.4.5 Comparison of Endurance Limit Values

7.4.6 S-N Curves

7.4.7 Symbols and Symbol Explanations of Section 7.4

8 Ensuring the Accuracy of Cylindrical Gears

8.1 Introduction

8.1.1 Standardization

8.1.2 Tolerance System

8.1.3 Gear: System of Fits

8.2 Metrological Fundamentals

8.2.1 Limit Deviations and Tolerances

8.2.2 Actual Values and Actual Deviations

8.2.3 Referencing of Measured Quantities and Measurement Methods

8.2.4 Uncertainty of the Measurement Results

8.3 Quality Parameters

8.3.1 Flank Deviations

8.3.2 Pitch Deviations

8.3.3 Runout Deviation

8.4 Backlash Allowance Parameters

8.4.1 Backlash

8.4.2 Tooth Thickness

8.4.3 Tooth Thickness Test Dimensions

8.5 Roll Deviations

8.5.1 Preliminary Remarks

8.5.2 Single-Flank Roll Test

8.5.3 Double-Flank Roll Test

8.5.4 Deviations in Transmission Gear Pairs

8.6 Contact Pattern

8.7 Roughness Measurement

8.8 Noise

8.9 Use of Spline Gauges

8.10 Symbols and Symbol Explanations

9 Drawing Data

9.1 Overview

9.2 Geometric Data

9.3 Information on Heat Treatment and Surface Coating

9.3.1 Information on Heat Treatment

9.3.2 Information on Surface Coating

9.4 Symbols and Symbol Explanations

10 Manufacturing of Cylindrical Gearings

10.1 General Manufacturing Process for Cylindrical Gears

10.2 Tooth-shape Forming Methods

10.2.1 General Structure of the Tooth-shape Forming Methods

10.2.2 Primary Shaping Manufacture of Cylindrical Gears

10.2.3 Primary Shaping and Separating Tooth-shape Forming

10.2.4 Chip-removal Tooth-shape Forming Using Tools with Geometrically Defined Blades

10.2.5 Chip-removal Tooth-shape Forming Using Tools with Geometrically Undefined Blades

10.2.6 Testing Ground Cylindrical Gears for Damage to the Surface Layer

10.2.7 Symbols and Symbol Explanations of Sections 10.1 and 10.2

10.3 Heat Treatment

10.3.1 Heat Treatment Suitable for Manufacturing

10.3.2 Heat Treatment Appropriate for the Strain

10.4 Symbols and Symbol Explanations of Section 10.3

Table of Appendices

Bibliography

List of Advertisers

Index